Clavams (Classical β-lactam-structured inhibitors) Inhibitor Structure type Mechanism Effective vs β-lactamase class Unique features Clavulanic acid β-lactam (oxazolidine ring) Irreversible suicide substrate Class A (TEM, SHV); weak vs C/D Only natural inhibitor (from Streptomyces clavuligerus); first marketed (1981) Sulbactam β-lactam (penicillanic acid sulfone) Irreversible acyl-enzyme Class A > C (limited) Has intrinsic antibacterial activity vs…
Hepatitis Testing Guidelines – UK Health Security Agency 🎨 Test Type Color Key PCR Tests Serology Tests Culture Tests 🩺 1. Acute Infective Hepatitis (Except Asymptomatic and Neonates) Clinical History/Patient Group Sample Type Initial Testing Supplementary Testing No additional history Serum HAV: anti-HAV IgM (V 27) HBV: HBsAg (V 4) Consider other pathogens depending upon…
Registration form : FRCPath Medical Microbiology – A Strategic Approach Registration – Google Forms FRCPath Medical Microbiology Preparation: A Strategic Approach FRCPath Medical Microbiology Preparation: A Strategic Approach Hyderabad, India 6 – 7th December 2025 Faculty Dr. Suryabrata Banerjee, MBBS, FRCPath Consultant Microbiologist & Clinical Lead, Medical Microbiology and Virology, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust,…
Post for academic purposes only. It MUST NOT be used to make a clinical decision. For clinical advice, please discuss with your doctor. PVL Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Guide Clinical Guide for Diagnosis and Management In the UK, PVL genes are carried by < 2% of clinical S. aureus isolates 🔍 Clinical Features Recognize skin/soft tissue…
Understanding Actinomyces: The Ray Fungus That’s Actually a Bacterium ⚠️ DISCLAIMER: This content is for academic and educational purposes only. Always consult current medical guidelines and seek professional medical advice for clinical decisions. 🦠 What is Actinomyces? + 🔬 Taxonomy Despite its name meaning “ray fungus,” Actinomyces is actually a bacteria that reproduces by binary…
UK Immunisation Schedule Timeline UK Immunisation Schedule Timeline 8 weeks First vaccinations Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis Polio, Hib, Hepatitis B Meningococcal group B Rotavirus 12 weeks Second round Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis Polio, Hib, Hepatitis B MenB Rotavirus 16 weeks Third round Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis Polio, Hib, Hepatitis B Pneumococcal (13 types) 1 year One year boosters…
Interactive Yersinia Species Identification Guide 🔬 Yersinia Species Identification Guide Comprehensive laboratory identification and characterization of Yersinia species Overview Species Laboratory Process Safety Media Summary 🦠 Genus Yersinia Overview 📊 Taxonomy Family: Enterobacteriaceae Species: 17 recognized species + 2 subspecies Type species: Yersinia pestis Pathogenic species: Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica 🧬 General Characteristics…
(Academic purpose only. If you need clinical advice, please speak to your doctor.) NTM Pulmonary Disease Guidelines BTS Guidelines – October 2017 | Dr Swathi Gurajala, MD, FRCPath NTM Epidemiology – Relevant Species in UK M. avium complex: 45% M. malmoense: 22% M. abscessus: 14% M. xenopi: 5% M. kansasii: 4% M. chelonae: 2.6% M….
🦠 Cryptococcosis Treatment Algorithm Global Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management | Evidence-Based Recommendations Based on the Global Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Cryptococcosis (Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2024) 🧠 CNS Cryptococcosis HIV SOT Non-HIV/Non-SOT C. gattii Cryptococcoma 🔄 Disseminated Disease (Non-CNS/Non-pulmonary) 🫁 Pulmonary Disease Severe Mild With/Without Cryptococcoma 🩹 Direct Skin Inoculation Cutaneous infection…
