Vaccine: Coadministration with other vaccines It can be co-administered (on different limbs /the same limb 2.5 cm apart) with other inactivated and most live vaccines, except MMR, which should be given 28 days apart. If yellow fever and MMR were given together due to the immediate need for protection, repeat vaccine doses should be considered individually….
Type of specimen: Ear swab Middle ear fluid Scraping of material from the ear canal (for fungal infection) Expected organisms Otitis Externa Acute localised otitis externa Staphylococcus aureus Group A Streptococcus furuncle Erysipelas Acute diffuse otitis externa Pseudomonas aeruginosa S. aureus Anaerobes Treatment – topical cleaning of debris. Antibiotics are not useful. Chronic otitis externa Colonisation by Enterobacteriaceae Fungi Treatment…
Bacteria Staph lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) capable of causing aggressive diseases like Staph aureus. Staph lugdunensis tends to be more susceptible to antibiotics compared to other CoNS. Vancomycin tolerance – can be present, i.e. the ability of bacteria to survive in the presence of an antibiotic, even if MIC testing has deemed that…
Types of specimen Cough plates are not recommended. Selective media It contains blood or charcoal or both, along with selective antibiotic supplements – penicillin, cefalexin or meticillin.It should be able to suppress other nasopharyngeal flora. Meticillin is the least inhibitory, and cefalexin is the most. Cefalexin is the drug of choice for selective media in…
Specimens Throat swab, posterior pharyngeal swab, nasopharyngeal swab, pharyngeal washings, pus aspirate, oropharyngeal swab, throat gargle. Why To investigate upper respiratory tract infection – Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Epiglottitis, and Laryngitis. Condition Target organisms Pharyngitis(sore throat) 1. Viral (commonest),2. Group A Streptococcus/ Streptococcus pyogenes,3. Group C/G Streptococcus – Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis,4. Streptococcus anginosus group,5. Corynebacterium –…
Because it is an invasive procedure, bone marrow biopsy (typically collected from the posterior iliac crest or the sternum) is rarely used. It’s also proposed that it shouldn’t be done on people who are immune-competent.It may be useful in the diagnosis of infection in immunocompromised patients (HIV, transplant patients, or patients on high-dose steroids), caused…
There are 2 SMIs related to H pylori- Identification of Helicobacter spp. (SMI ID26) & Investigation of infectious causes of dyspepsia (SMI B55). Available tests for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection There are 4 major types of tests that we can use to test for H pylori. 1. Urea breath test (UBT) 2. Stool antigen test…
Specimen Advice for the users: Safety Processing Gram stain – usually not done unless deep-seated pus from a normally sterile site Plate selection CONDITION PLATES All clinical conditions Blood agarCLED/MacConkey agar Wound swab Selective anaerobic agar with metronidazole disc Pus Fastidious anaerobic, cooked meat broth;then Subculture to blood agar. Cellulitis in childrenHuman bite Chocolate agar…
