MRSA guideline – HIS and IPS guideline
Universal or targeted screening Rescreening Test Staff screening Decolonisation In patients with eczema, dermatitis, or skin conditions – an attempt should be made to treat underlying skin conditions. A dermatology consultant could be consulted. Alternatives are – Oilatum bath additive or Oilatum plus (with added benzalkonium chloride 6% and triclosan 2%).Mupirocin prolonged or repeated use […]
Microbiology for medical students / Foundation Doctors
Introduction Microbiology can be a daunting subject for medical students and junior doctors alike to approach. Confronted with masses of information and bacteria names more suited to winning Scrabble competitions, it’s often difficult to know where to start! However, acquiring a good understanding of microbiology can be life-saving for your patients, so it is well […]
Leptospira spp.
This is from a presentation. The pictures were my slides. Feel free to download them if you wish. Leptospirosis, a zoonosis, is caused by a pathogenic Spirochaeta of the genus Leptospira.The name is derived from the Greek leptos (thin) and the Latin spira (coiled). Leptospirosis is a multisystem disease first described by Albert Weil in […]
Kingella spp.
Bacteria: Fastidious gram-negative coccobacilli that appear in pairs or short chains.Commensal of the mouth and upper respiratory tract.The genus Kingela have species like – K. kingae, K. denitrificans, Kingella negevensis, K. oralis etc. Identification: It appears as pairs/short chains of plump bacilli (or coccobacilli) with tapered ends.Capnophilic and facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile, non-spore-forming.Beta-haemolytic colonies on blood agar often produce marked pitting […]
Leclercia adecarboxylata
While authorising the urine result – I found that a urine sample from the community has grown Leclercia adecarboxylata. The patient is a young female complaining of increased frequency. The number of organisms in the urine was >100,000 organisms/ml.What is the significance? The bacteria Previously known as Escherichia adecarboxylata, it now belongs to a new genus Leclercia […]
Infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr Virus
Cause: Epidemiology: Transmission: Signs and symptoms: Complications Diagnosis If you want to know about a heterophile antibody, see this video. Atypical lymphocytes can also be seen in CMV, HIV, HHV6, rubella, mumps, viral hepatitis, toxoplasmosis, typhus, lead poisoning etc. Differential diagnosis: Treatment:
Japanese encephalitis vaccine: study note
Vaccine Inactivated vaccine (IXIARO®), NO live virus.Adjuvant: Aluminium hydroxide (improves immunogenicity).Storage: +2°C to +8°C and protected from light. Administration Primary immunisation Primary immunisation should ideally be completed at least one week before potential exposure to the Japanese encephalitis virus. Full immunity takes up to one week to develop after the second dose. Standard schedule Rapid schedule 1st dose […]
Infection associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) are used to treat malignancy (breast CA, bladder CA, cervical CA, lung CA, colon CA, Hodgkin lymphoma etc). There are three types of ICIs Type of ICIs Example Programmed death 1(PD-1) inhibitors Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab Programmed death 1 ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Cemiplimab, Dostarlimab cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) […]