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Echinocandin

Echinocandin

Echinocandins are a class of antifungals that prevent glucan synthesis pathways necessary for fungal cell wall formation. Echinocanins are antifungals that are widely used in clinical practice.Three echinocandins are approved for clinical use – Caspofungin, Micafungin and Anidulafungin.A fourth echinocandin – Rezafungin is being developed. Some other antifungals (some in development) that act of fungal cell walls…

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Tigecycline

Daptomycin

Class: Cyclic lipopeptideSource: Streptomyces roseosporusDiscovered: 1980s; approved for use in 2003 (FDA)Molecular weight: 1620 DA. Mechanism of action: The Daptomycin (DAP) combines with Calcium ions to form a positively charged complex that attaches to the bacterial cell membrane (preferably at the nascent septa). This attachment depends upon the presence of phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG). After attachment, DAP forms…

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Plazomicin

Nature of the antibiotic Class: Next-generation aminoglycoside (neoglycoside), semisynthetic (sisomicin based). It is not inactivated by most aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AME).Molecular weight: 592.68. It is synergistic with many antibiotics, including piperacillin-tazobactam. Mechanism of resistance Enterobacteriaceae: modification of the ribosomal binding site due to expression of 16S rRNA methyltransferases. Adverse effect Spectrum Gram-positive Staphylococcus (MSSA, MRSA, and coag neg…

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Tigecycline

Tigecycline

Nature: Glycylcycline, a member of the tetracycline family. Semisynthetic derivative of minocycline.MW: 585.6 Mechanism of action: 1. Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit protein synthesis – It inhibits the attachment of aminoacyl tRNA to the A site and prevents chain elongation, i.e. block the translation process.2. Inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis by binding to 70…

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Fosfomycin

Nature: Small (Mol weight – 138) phosphoenolpyruvate analogue manufactured synthetically but originally obtained from Streptomyces fradiae and some Pseudomonas sp.A broad-spectrum, a bactericidal antibiotic. Mechanism of action: Inhibit bacterial cell wall formation at a very early stage by inactivating enol pyruvate transferase (MurA).MurA catalyzes the transfer of enolpyruvate from phosphoenolphyruvate to uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UNAG), the first step…

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