Reference: JBJI review published on 27/1/2022. Read the full paper here – Maamari, J., Tande, A. J., Diehn, F., Tai, D. B. G., and Berbari, E. F.: Diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis, J. Bone Joint Infect., 7, 23–32, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-7-23-2022, 2022. Biomarkers Imaging Biopsy and Microbiology Serology Novel modalities Flow chart as shown in the above article
Interactive Yersinia Species Identification Guide 🔬 Yersinia Species Identification Guide Comprehensive laboratory identification and characterization of Yersinia species Overview Species Laboratory Process Safety Media Summary 🦠 Genus Yersinia Overview 📊 Taxonomy Family: Enterobacteriaceae Species: 17 recognized species + 2 subspecies Type species: Yersinia pestis Pathogenic species: Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica 🧬 General Characteristics…
Class: 5th generation cephalosporin.Available as ceftolozane-tazobactam, a beta lactam-beta lactamase inhibitor (BLBLI) combination. Mechanism of Action: Similar to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It binds to the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) to inhibit the biosynthesis of the cell wall.It binds with the PBP3 of E coli and PBP3, PBP1a, and PBP1b of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mechanism of resistance: It is…
Introduction Candida species are the predominant cause of fungal infections in patients treated in hospital settings, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This clinical practice guide summarises evidence-based recommendations from the European Confederation for Medical Mycology (ECMM) global guideline initiative, developed in cooperation with the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) and the…
A combination of antifungals is often used in cases of difficult-to-treat infections. What is the evidence in the literature about synergy, antagonism and indifference? Drug 1 Drug 2 Candida Aspergillus Cryptococcus neoformans Amphotericin B Echinocandin Indifference(survival – NA) Synergy, Indifference(Survival ↑) Synergy(survival – NA) Amphotericin B Flucytosine Synergy, indifference(Survival ↑) Synergy, indifference, antagonism(Survival ↑) Synergy,…
Clavams (Classical β-lactam-structured inhibitors) Inhibitor Structure type Mechanism Effective vs β-lactamase class Unique features Clavulanic acid β-lactam (oxazolidine ring) Irreversible suicide substrate Class A (TEM, SHV); weak vs C/D Only natural inhibitor (from Streptomyces clavuligerus); first marketed (1981) Sulbactam β-lactam (penicillanic acid sulfone) Irreversible acyl-enzyme Class A > C (limited) Has intrinsic antibacterial activity vs…
William Riebel, M.D. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Microbiology Guided Medline Search Lactococci are gram-positive cocci that arrange in pairs and short chains with a tendency to an ovoid shape in the direction of the chain. They grow in catalase-negative, non-pigmented, generally non-hemolytic colonies on blood agar, similar to oral streptococci. Previously classified as group N streptococci,…
Monkeypox is an emerging disease. It was first discovered in 1958 in a captive monkey population, from which it received its name. However, monkeys are not its main reservoir. The largest natural reservoir population is rodents. The full lifecycle and the extent of the reservoir population are still unknown.Monkeypox is a zoonosis. The virus: It…
Vaccine Efficacy– Protect against gastroenteritis due to rotavirus serotypes G1P, G2P, G3P, G4P, and G9P; some efficacy against uncommon rotavirus genotypes G8P and G12P.– Over 85% effective at protecting against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in the first two years of life. Administration of the vaccine Rotarix® should not be given to infants under 6 weeks of age.WHO recommends infants should…
