Laboratory
Neurobrucellosis
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection transmitted to humans from animals (cattle, goats, sheep) via The UK is a non-endemic country. Most brucella cases in the UK are imported cases with links to Mediterranean or Middle Eastern countries. However, Brucella is also endemic in Central Asia, China, South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and some parts of Middle and […]
Culture media and composition
This is a list of some culture media and their composition. MEDIA SUPPLEMENTS TARGET ORGANISMS ABC plates Alpha-galactosidase Salmonella sp. Alkaline peptone water [pH – 8.6 ± 0.2] NaCl, peptone Enrichment of Vibrio spp. Aztreonam Blood Agar Aztreonam, blood agar base Gram-positive, especially fastidious gram-positive organisms BHI Broths Calf brain and beef heart infusion solids, peptone […]
Catalase test
This test detects the catalase enzyme present in most cytochrome-containing aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The catalase enzyme converts hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) to oxygen and water. This reaction can be observed as the rapid formation of bubbles. The reaction 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2 Catalase positive organisms Gram-positive organisms Staphylococcus, Micrococcus,Aerococcus urinae (Note: Aerococcus […]
Antibiotic – intrinsic resistance
Enterobacterales & Aeromonas Enterobacterales and Aeromonas are intrinsically resistant to benzylpenicillin, glycopeptides, lipoglycopeptides, fusidic acid, macrolides (Except Azithromycin, effective for typhoid/paratyphoid fever and erythromycin for travellers’ diarrhoea), lincosamides, streptogramins, rifampicin, and oxazolidinones. Bacteria Beta-lactams Non-beta-lactams Klebsiella pneumonia complex,Klebsiella oxytocaRoultella sp.Citrobacter koseri,Citrobacter amalonaticus Amoxicillin, Ticarcillin Klebsiella aerogenes,Enterobacter cloacae complexCitrobacter freundiiHafnia alvei Amoxicillin, Coamoxiclav,1st generation cephalosporinsCefoxitin Serratia […]