{"id":615,"date":"2023-09-09T13:29:57","date_gmt":"2023-09-09T12:29:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/?p=615"},"modified":"2023-09-09T13:29:57","modified_gmt":"2023-09-09T12:29:57","slug":"pneumococcus-gallery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/?p=615","title":{"rendered":"Pneumococcus &#8211; gallery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococci are&nbsp;<strong>gram-positive cocci in pairs<\/strong>, which may be capsulated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Colonies are 1-2mm,&nbsp;<strong>\u03b1-haemolytic<\/strong>&nbsp;and may appear as&nbsp;<strong>\u2018draughtsman\u2019 colonies<\/strong>&nbsp;(due to autolysis of the organisms). If incubated in anaerobic conditions, the colonies may appear larger and more mucoid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is, like other Streptococcus spp.,&nbsp;<strong>catalase-negative<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Traditionally, a few of the properties of the pneumococcus were exploited to help identify. They are \u2013<br>Optochin susceptibility\u00a0\u2013 Pneumococcus is susceptible to optochin (ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride), while other alpha-haemolytic Streptococci are not. However, this test cannot be taken as a confirmatory test. Both optochin-resistant pneumococcus and alpha haemolytic Streptococcus (S. oralis, S. mitis and S. pseudopneumoniae) strains that are optochin susceptible have been reported.<br>A zone size of \u226514 mm diameter is considered susceptible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-23\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"23\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Pneumococcus\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Bile solubility<\/strong>\u00a0could be considered a confirmatory test as it differentiates pneumococci from other alpha haemolytic Streptococcus. S. pneumoniae is soluble in 10% bile salts, S. pseudopneumoniae is partially soluble, and other \u03b1-haemolytic streptococci are insoluble.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bile solubility test\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fvB9FUTFUl4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quellung\/ Neufeld reaction<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 capsular polysaccharide of the pneumococci binds with the type-specific antibody contained in the typing antiserum \u2013 the reaction changes the refractive index of the capsule so that it appears \u201cswollen\u201d and more visible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Latex agglutination<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 commercial latex agglutination test can be used to identify pneumococcus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One limitation of MALDI-TOF is that it cannot readily distinguish between Streptococcus pneumoniae and other members of the Streptococcus mitis group.<br>Other molecular methods \u2013 PCR, PFGE, MLST, etc. can be used for identification\/epidemiological purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"840\" src=\"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-616\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image.png 1024w, https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-768x630.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococci are&nbsp;gram-positive cocci in pairs, which may be capsulated. Colonies are 1-2mm,&nbsp;\u03b1-haemolytic&nbsp;and may appear as&nbsp;\u2018draughtsman\u2019 colonies&nbsp;(due to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":616,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,180],"tags":[183,187,182,184,186,185],"class_list":["post-615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bacteria","category-gallery","tag-album","tag-bile-solubility","tag-gallery","tag-pneumococcus","tag-quellung","tag-streptococcus-pneumoniae"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=615"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":617,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615\/revisions\/617"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}