{"id":369,"date":"2023-09-16T22:08:51","date_gmt":"2023-09-16T21:08:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/?p=369"},"modified":"2023-09-16T22:08:51","modified_gmt":"2023-09-16T21:08:51","slug":"fusobacterium-necrophorum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/?p=369","title":{"rendered":"Fusobacterium necrophorum"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.k2j00d48xw70_l\">Bacteria<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Fusobacterium necrophorum is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming anaerobic pleomorphic bacterium. It may appear in coccobacillus or filamentous forms, which are more common in younger cultures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a member of the normal bacterial flora of the oropharynx, genitourinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.idbvyk8sa4di_l\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.idbvyk8sa4di\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.idbvyk8sa4di\"><\/a>Culture and identification<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>There are 14 species of Fusobacterium, 10 of which are identified from humans. The most commonly isolated species are F necrophorum and F nucleatum. F nucleatum is a spindle-shaped gram-negative rod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-22-1024x650.png\" alt=\"Fusobacterium IWikipedia)\" class=\"wp-image-370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-22-1024x650.png 1024w, https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-22-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-22-768x488.png 768w, https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-22.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>F necrophorum is \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gram-negative but often stained irregularly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pleomorphic \u2013 coccobacillary or filamentous forms. Filamentous forms are more common in young culture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1-3mm, beta-haemolytic, translucent to granular and opaque colonies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indole positive and fluoresce under UV light and produce lipase on egg yolk agar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aesculin negative, catalase negative<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Identification can be made by API 20A, API rapid ID 32A or MALDI ToF<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.6mlkikylf2v3_l\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.6mlkikylf2v3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.6mlkikylf2v3\"><\/a>Pathogenicity:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Toxin \u2013 leukotoxin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Activation of plasminogen, platelet aggregation, and production of haemagglutinin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Binding to the factor H, a complement controlling glycoprotein<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.9ik8714n9a5o_l\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.9ik8714n9a5o\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.9ik8714n9a5o\"><\/a>Clinical features<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.axyldtnv51u4_l\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.axyldtnv51u4\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.axyldtnv51u4\"><\/a>Pharyngitis<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Especially in adolescents and adults \u2013 up to 20% of cases. The signs\/symptoms are indistinguishable from Group A Streptococcus pharyngitis. Fever, exudative tonsillitis, and cervical adenopathy, but the cough is absent in most cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.bn41ej99hd2_l\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.bn41ej99hd2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.bn41ej99hd2\"><\/a>Peritonsillar abscess<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>A complication of pharyngitis. F necrophorum is one of the commonest causes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.xhlyham0lzve_l\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.xhlyham0lzve\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.xhlyham0lzve\"><\/a>Lemierre syndrome (postanginal sepsis)<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. 80% of Lemierre syndrome is due to F necrophorum. It usually follows pharyngitis \u2013 the patient presents with neck pain, swelling, signs of sepsis and persistent pharyngitis symptoms. Complications \u2013 septic shock, metastatic complication (septic emboli and abscess to lungs, joints, liver, peritoneum, kidneys, and brain). Diagnosis \u2013 CT with contrast, MRI, and blood culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.u3sd9klsmke3_l\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.u3sd9klsmke3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.u3sd9klsmke3\"><\/a>Middle ear infection, mastoiditis<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.qwsqviq46a7x_l\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.qwsqviq46a7x\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.qwsqviq46a7x\"><\/a>Endocarditis<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a rare cause of endocarditis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.j8km8db75mhp_l\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.j8km8db75mhp\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microregistrar.app\/bacteria\/fusobacterium-necrophorum#h.j8km8db75mhp\"><\/a>Treatment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>F necrophorum is usually susceptible to penicillin. However, some strains produce beta-lactamase. So in some cases, treatment failure may occur with penicillin\/amoxicillin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antibiotics that can be used to treat F necrophorum infection<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Coamoxiclav, pip-tazobactam<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clindamycin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carbapenems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Metronidazole<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Lemierre\u2019s syndrome \u2013 may need combination therapy, debridement, incision-drainage<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bacteria Fusobacterium necrophorum is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming anaerobic pleomorphic bacterium. It may appear in coccobacillus or filamentous forms, which [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[76,92],"class_list":["post-369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bacteria","tag-bacteria","tag-fusobacterium-necrophorum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=369"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":371,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/369\/revisions\/371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}