{"id":348,"date":"2023-09-16T22:19:18","date_gmt":"2023-09-16T21:19:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/?p=348"},"modified":"2023-09-16T22:19:18","modified_gmt":"2023-09-16T21:19:18","slug":"rothia-mucilaginosa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/?p=348","title":{"rendered":"Rothia mucilaginosa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The Bacteria<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Rothia belongs to the family Micrococcaceae \u2013 the same family as Micrococcus spp., Stomatococcus spp. and Kocuria spp.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are 8 species of Rothia \u2013 but only Rothia dentocariosa and Rothia mucilaginosa has been associated with human disease.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a member of the mouth and upper respiratory tract flora.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Laboratory<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Gram-positive cocci may appear singly, in pairs, clusters,<\/strong> or chains \u2013 mostly pairs\/clusters. However, Microcolonies on agar surfaces are composed of filamentous branched elements which rapidly fragment into bacillary or coccoid forms, resembling Actinomyces or Nocardia species [PHE SMI].<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Grow in aerobic or microaerophilic conditions but not anaerobically<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Weakly catalase-positive or catalase variable<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Oxidase-negative<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Colony \u2013 on blood agar clear\/white, nonhemolytic, mucoid\/sticky colonies \u2013 adherent to the agar surface<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • It is susceptible to bacitracin and hydrolyses aesculin<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Unable to grow in the presence of 5% sodium chloride<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Infection<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Rothia is an opportunistic pathogen and has been reported to cause \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Bloodstream infection<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Skin and soft-tissue infections in children<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • CNS infection \u2013 meningitis<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Pneumonia<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Necrotizing fasciitis<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Prosthetic joint infection<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Endocarditis and<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Peritonitis<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Risk factors for Rothia infection \u2013 Immunocompromised state or some form of breach in host defence is associated with Rothia infection. A case series suggested a significant association was seen with steroid use (81% versus 13%; P= 0.0014) and fluoroquinolone use (86% versus 13%; P\u2264 0.0001) preceding bacteremia in neutropenic patients. [Abidi, 2016]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Other risk-factors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • leukaemia <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • solid tumour <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • neutropenia<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Central venous access<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • valvular heart disease<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • intravenous drug abuse (IVDU)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • dental and head-neck surgery<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Treatment<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

          Rothia is uniformly susceptible to vancomycin (glycopeptides).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          It is also sensitive to penicillin, amoxicillin, tetracyclines, rifampicin, 2nd\/3rd generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Following drugs tend to have higher MIC \u2013<\/strong> fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, clindamycin and fosfomycin.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          There is no specific EUCAST\/CLSI standard, but EUCAST non-species specific breakpoints can be used (Ekkelenkamp, Staphylococci and micrococci, Infectious Diseases 3e).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Glycopeptides are usually used in treatment, but combination therapy (beta-lactam with rifampicin\/aminoglycosides) has also been reported.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          The Bacteria Rothia belongs to the family Micrococcaceae \u2013 the same family as Micrococcus spp., Stomatococcus spp. and Kocuria spp. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[76,90],"class_list":["post-348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bacteria","tag-bacteria","tag-rothia-mucilaginosa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=348"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/348\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":647,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/348\/revisions\/647"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=348"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}