{"id":102,"date":"2023-05-22T19:51:24","date_gmt":"2023-05-22T18:51:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/?p=102"},"modified":"2023-05-22T19:55:38","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T18:55:38","slug":"virus-baltimore-classification","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/?p=102","title":{"rendered":"Virus \u2013 Baltimore classification"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

This is a classification of viruses based on how they produce their mRNA. It was created in 1971 by virologist David Baltimore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mRNA, which is required to synthesise protein, is central to this classification. By convention, mRNA is considered positive sense. Hence DNA strand (or RNA) which is similar to this, are also called +ve sense. On the other hand, the complementary strand of the DNA is -ve sense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n
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Group I: Double-stranded DNA virus (DS-DNA) <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Polyomavirus<\/strong> \u2013 BK, JC, KI, WU, Merkel cell polyoma virus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Papillomavirus<\/strong> \u2013 HPV.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Adenovirus<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Herpes virus<\/strong> \u2013 HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV6, HHV7, HHV8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Poxvirus<\/strong> \u2013 Variola, vaccinia, Molluscum contagiosum, Tanapox, Yaba monkey tumour virus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n

    Group II: Single-stranded DNA virus (SS-DNA)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Parvoviruses<\/strong> \u2013 Parvovirus B19, Human Parvovirus 4, Human Bocavirus, Adeno-associated virus 2,3,5
    Circovirus<\/strong>
    Anellovirus<\/strong>
    Most ssDNA viruses have (+) sense DNA, except family Anelloviridae. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n

    Group III: Double-Stranded RNA virus (DS-RNA)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Birnavirus<\/strong> (animal virus)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Reovirus<\/strong> \u2013 Reovirus, Rotavirus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      \n
      \n

      Group IV: Single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus (+ssRNA)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Picornaviridae<\/strong> \u2013 Enterovirus (Enterovirus, Coxsackievirus, Echovirus, Poliovirus), Rhinovirus, Parechovirus, Hepatitis A virus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Caliciviridae<\/strong> \u2013 Norovirus, Norwalk virus, Sapovirus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Astroviridae<\/strong> \u2013 Human astrovirus<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Hepeviridae<\/strong> \u2013 Hepatitis E virus<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Flaviviridae<\/strong> \u2013 Yellow fever, Dengue, West Nile, JE, St. Louis encephalitis virus, KFD,  Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis G virus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Togaviridae<\/strong> \u2013 Semliki forest, Chikungunya virus, O\u2019nyong-nyong virus, Ross River virus, Rubella virus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Arteriviridae<\/strong> (animal virus)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Coronaviridae<\/strong> \u2013 Human coronavirus(HCoV) 299E, HCoV NL63, HCoV OC43, HCoV HKU1, SARS CoV, SARS CoV-2, MERS CoV.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
        \n
        \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        \n
        \n

        Group V: Single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus (-ssRNA)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

        Non-segmented RNA:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Rhabdovirus<\/strong> \u2013 Lyssavirus (Rabies)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Bornavirus<\/strong> (animal virus)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Paramyxovirus<\/strong> \u2013 Human parainfluenzavirus, Mumps, Measle, Hendra, Nipah, RSV, human metapneumovirus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Filovirus<\/strong> \u2013 Ebola, Marburgvirus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Segmented RNA:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Arenavirus<\/strong> \u2013 LCMV, Lassa, Lujo, Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, Chapare, Tacaribe, Sabia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Bunyavirus<\/strong> \u2013 Sandfly fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, California encephalitis virus, Crimean\u2013Congo haemorrhagic fever, hantaan virus, Sin Nombre virus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Orthomyxovirus<\/strong> \u2013 Influenza virus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
            \n
            \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            \n
            \n

            Category VI: Positive sense single-stranded RNA virus replicating through a DNA intermediate \u2013 reverse transcriptase (+ssRNA-RT)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Retrovirus<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              \n
              \n

              Category VII: Double-stranded DNA virus replicating through an ssRNA intermediate \u2013 reverse transcriptase (dsDNA-RT)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • Hepadnavirus<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                \n
                \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Baltimore classification – classification of viruses based on how they produce their mRNA.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":104,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[21,20],"class_list":["post-102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-virology","tag-baltimore-classification","tag-virology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=102"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":112,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102\/revisions\/112"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microregistrar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}